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GrandRC . CanoMod . Futaba-RC

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UAV Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles > brain?
 
 
gearset
Senior Heliman
Location: Thunder Bay Ontario

neat idea but???? i have this fear of giving a machien a brain. I have enough trouble with my own.

Liven............
01-03-2004 Over year old.
 
 
MPA
Elite Veteran
Location: Australia

Mike

Quote 
but artificial brains are not troubled by emotions


It needs emotions to decide what to avoid and what to crash into instead.
How does it know what to avoid in the situation it is going to crash land or auto rotate ?
01-03-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
MPA
Elite Veteran
Location: Australia

It is true Mike

It is documented that pilots have taken evasive action in the advent of a collision with residencies.
Not once but on numerous occasions.
I live near a light aircraft airport, I do read the paper, and that is just in Aus.

I thought hysterics was the job of the for the passengers.
Pilots dont run around slapping their head when the going gets tough.
Do they SENECA ? you are a pilot.
Would you just sit there screaming like a girl if your plane was loosing alltitude fast over the central business district or would you start looking for a place to ditch, would you not consider reducing the chances of wreaking mass destrucion below in the worst case and avoid it. ?
A machine wont make the same considerations.
Not programmed to consider the welfare of humans.

Computers do not do a better job at assessing the human welfare factor than humans.
Machines alone dont feel the need to avoid humans, most will hit humans if humans are in the path they are travelling.

The general public aint so stupid they dont know that.
No matter how much you bang them over the head with good UAV ideas in the media.
They will always say things like "neat idea but???? i have this fear"

Machines dont consider the welfare of people.
You may love your car but it doesnt love you, and if you leave the handbrake off in neutral then try to stop it rolling away by leaping in front of it you will find out the hard way like so many otthers have in the past, love of cars is a love not reciprocated by the car.
Sadly we now know for sure that applies to heli's too.
As it applies for UAV in the history of UAV.
A UAV killed someone it could have avoided had it had a human pilot, it could have landed or ditched in the empty fields around but it didnt, its a machine, it landed smack in the middle of the main road, on a car driving along and killed a civilian, in peace time, a preist.

Point in case Mike.
There is a difference in the outcome based on theire being a human in control to varying degrees at all times.

So what is your solution to that problem of managing the human welfare consideration factor ?
The same problem that others including the military have had with UAV in the past.
01-03-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
MPA
Elite Veteran
Location: Australia

Quote 
It is a obstacle-avoidance problem


Maybe you missed the point i made.
It is not a matter of obstacle avoidance, it is a matter of which out of a number of obstacles it should avoid.
The house that is residential, or the barn on the other side of the road.
To a machine both look like houses.
To a Human one is likely to be occupied and the other is no likely to be occupied.
It cant see the people to avoid them.
The human has the ability to make assesment base on his or here own prejudices to estimate where humans are most likely to be, in a split second, even though they cant see the humans under the roof.

I write software for a full time living and have had studied computerised character recognition to the degree I know for a fact that todays technology is not even close to this level of recognition.

The technoloy to differentiate between obstacles based on human welfare factors is just not there.

As it is not there what do you propose to so to deal with that very issues of avoiding the right object, not merely by the object shape size color or location, but by the use of human imagination that has the ability to "imagine" what might happen and to" assume" which building may contain people..

Computesr, even yours, do not "assume" or "imagine"

The same issue has existed since pre 1970
Others have not had a solution, including the military operating in civil airspace in peace time..
What is your workable and applicable solution to the problem ?

You cant make a motor car for sale to the public without a brake pedal, sold just because it can accelerate.

Recognition is all based on recognising an image already seen.
How will you get a computer to recognise the ground it has never passed over before ?

Quote 
And that fear will only decrease over time and with experience.


That fear has not decreased from 1960's to 2004, it has gotten worse in the advent of our litigious society these days.
The military see it is one of the greatest hurdles to overcome and none have overcome it yet..
Why would the fear suddenly decrease now ?

Quote 
UAVs will be able to avoid humans and pick alternate landing locations/sites


But if you cant see them (due to them being in a building or car) and have to rely on assuming where most people will be under you then how will you recognise the humans.
The machine can only reconige the dwellings, not the contents of them or the structural integritiy of them.
A human can in a moment.

How will it recognise a car from rectangualar box on the ground if it doesnt have an image of that particular motor car.
Human know what cars are in the general sense, computers dont have common sense, they have instructions to follow, normally line by line.
On a cold day, how does it know that a river is not a road.
Recognition wont help unless it seen the place before, infra red wont help, nor radar.
So how do you resolve that ?

Quote 
The past does not equal the future


If everyone ignored the past, we would have people announcing there new invtions of the same thing over and over.
Like the wheel.
If everyone ignored the past, we would have people killing themselves for the same avoidable reasons, over and over again.

People who ignore the lessons of the past often die from it.
Those who ignore the historical results from drink driving, and drive whilst drunk, often die.
Some reflection on the history of motor car deaths may save them.

In this case history tells us what has happened, but unlike the devlopment of car seat belts and anti lock brakes, UAV's have not had a solution to the problem I refer to in this topic.

If your solution is to merely recognise objects on the ground, then you are not the first to do it and other had no success including the military.
UAV's are not new.

In fact they did have a solution, it was quite simple.
It was this Mike.
They dont operate over the top of anything that may contain humans or livestock that the UAV might hit if it fails.

It is a safety measure that works 100% of the time and will never fail to protect object that may suffer harm under a UAV flight path.

What is your solution?
01-04-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
blacksmith
Heliman
Location: West Central, Georgia, USA

If death is the true issue

Come on Now! Doctors inadvertatly kill 30 to 40 thousand people per year here in the US not to mention the # people which have to die before GM (or any other car company) will institute a recall.

I chose to be an NRI customer to lessen my chaces of hurting someone.

MPA's posted ideals are not falling on closed minds. We (the service industry) continue to read and transpose applicable concerns and pessimisms to the UAV business constitution. You must take into consideration the businesses which are being spun of these affordable techonolgies and the lengths which the average businessman will go to protect his/her investments. Safety will breed sucess. Do not underestimate the energies which NRI (or any other supplier) will exert in order to insure the long term growth of this industry. MPA 's jargon is the foundation which will, in the end, set the stage for our emergeing industry lobby. Lawyers POV?

Yes!!! The "service industry" needs a code of conduct. The work of relitively few industry forefathers is coming to fruit and it will not be left on the ground to spoil.
01-04-2004 Over year old.
 
 
MPA
Elite Veteran
Location: Australia

The house and barn example is valid because just that condition may occur.
But it is suggested to exemplify a point only.
Point being is the computer cannont be taught to make such considerations to the degree a human can.
And "as much as possible" says it all, it is only possible to a limited degree by comparison to the human ability to make like judgements.

The point is not simply to recognise a house and a barn or differentiate between them, like I say I beleived you missed the point of why I gave that example.
The point is not to differentiate between the barn and the house, but to be aware of which object out of all objects it may ever encounter, is the one that is more or less likely to be inhabited by humans.

Computers generate the best case scenario from a simple list without any emotional considerations to factor in the humans
Humans do not work in such a simple arbitury look_up_tables fashion.
They apply imaginations and assumption, that a computer cant apply to the simple multiple choice it is given.
It can have a determined weighting of relevance to a decision at best but that is not an assumption or an imagined outcome.
It is pre programmed and cant extend itself to use it individual human character to go beyond its simple set of instructions.

What is the problem you ask.
Humans is the problem Mike, lets not be coy now.

Quote 
How do you think the Tomahawk cruise missiles work

It uses an image of the terrain that was taken before hand to allow the computer to make recognitions on a number of weighted points to see if the image is close enough to the same as what it has already seen before..
It enough points are satisfied then it is to the computer, at the right place.

A tomahawk missile goes to a place it has seen before.
My question to you was
How will you get a computer to recognise the ground it has never passed over before ?

Quote 
UAVs are still in their infancy. R&D systems have been around for years but the military has only recently been using them in the field.


That is plain wrong Mike

The Jindivik UAV was pre 1970.
They used them for military purposes from day 1.

They tried for many years to think of other ways to use the UAV technology the created for the Jindivik both militarily and civily prior to the 80's and all ways failed for the very reasons I am giving you here now.

Quote 
The same applies to the commercial arena - we're among the first to get them into the commercial markets.


That is simply not true, you need to check your UAV history and you will see there were many created, most failed bar the ones that where created from need to have them befroe they where created.
The very thing that made the Jindivik UAV the big success and the longest serving UAV in history.

All those created for the mere proof of concept that did not have a pre determined need all failed to be used viably.
The Jindivik Hovercraft worked perfectly like the UAV, but it was of no use to anyone so it was scrapped.
You may have heard of the Jindivik UAV but you have not heard of the Jindivik hovercraft.

To convince yourself you are the the leading edge of the history of UAV is fooling yourself at best.

I spoke to my retired father a short time ago, he was a senior engineeer throught the Jindivik program
I told him what you wrote about this being some kind of new begining for UAV.
He laughed loud and long Mike.
He said "ok, if they dont want to learn a lesson from all the work we did in the past, let them have their fun and waste their govt grant."

Quote 
The fear will decrease as the technology gets better


The technology has been getting better since 1970 mike
That is 34 years ago, but in the last 34 years that has not helped to shut up the doom sayers who point to the sky.
How is it that this will all change now.

And on your final point about cars killing people
And blacksmiths mention of doctors killing pateints.
No comparison.
Society needs cars and doctors, the deaths are offest by the need for cars and doctors to the point the public accepts a degree injury or death for the benefits to the nation of cars and doctors.

No-body in the public need UAV like they need cars or doctors, as they dont need it they will weight up the risks of having it to the benefits and they will as they have done for the last 30 years, which is they don't need it enough to warrant the risk of having it.

After the death of the a vicar by the MoD Jindivik UAV in peace time a few decades ago, nothing was ever a sure thing for UAV from that date forward in regard to civil operations.
It is a ghost that has haunted UAV to this day, you seem to ignore it this and dont seem to identify enough with it as a real and critical issue.
Others have made the same error of judgement about the general public.
The most traggic part of it is that the public doesnt tell you at anytime they dont want UAV flying overhead.
Many industries avoid using UAV considering the human and public factor, it wont be you manufacturers who get the flack from the public, it will be the industries that use them and they know it, all you get in that is a wall of silence to ponder why no-one is using them in a host of operations that are offered as UAV potential uses.

Aerosonde and Aussie UAV manufacturer for some years now has for all appearances realised there is limited application for UAV, most of those military and so I see they are hanging theire coat on military contracts. Talk of civil applications has all but evaporated.

Maybe it is time you too limited your proposed uses of UAV to ones that do not threaten the on going future of UAV uses that are worthwhile persuing.

For one thing showing the general public proposals that should be limited to military eyes only like shooting paints balls is most certainly shooting yourself in the foot and making peoples pre conceived fears simply esclate..
For your own good I sure hope you dont go and do that again.
That was bad judgment IMV.
But thats your choice, you have the future in UAV to deal with, I don't
I only have the history of the UAV that has been done already to tell you about.
Ignore it if you wish Mike.
Most other recent UAV developers all ignore the history so youre not alone.

I dont see you have a solution for the human factor.
I think you wish to ignore its existance and in that I fear you are doomed to the same failures of others by the same reasons.
Even if you are the most skilled and competent avionics engineer like my old dad.

There is much to be learnt from UAV history.

Dont reinvent the wheel
AND
Nessecity is the mother of invention

Proof of concept alone does not create a need where none existed before. Those inventions sell on late night TV, you get two for the price of one, and free steak knives..

I feel you have a view of the UAV future that is blinkered by your own over exitment at the technology itself and prepared to ignore all factors that are not attractive to the model you propose, and are unlikely to accept what Ive put to you. But it needed to be said.
I support UAV, wait till you meet someone who doesnt.
Good luck is the only other advice I can offer you if you wont accept the above advice.
01-04-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
MPA
Elite Veteran
Location: Australia

Mike

Quote 
And - the Tomahawk terrain recognition methodolothy is much more complex than you give it credit for.


I didnt make any disparaging remarks about its capability nor did I say it was simplistic, I merely stated the fact it uses an image that was taken prior to the missile being sent back, to the place the picture was taken by another aircraft before hand..
This requires it to recognise what was seen before, but it doesnt pick a target from anywhwere that it is not given an image of before hand.
All the extra sensors provided are to assist in qualifiying what it has recognised against the image that was taken beforehand by recon.
They do not make recognitions to do things above the basic taks of recognising the target it has an image of.

You are stating that it doenst need an image at all it can find a target based on......what?

Quote 
As I said earlier - it's already been done,

Where, by who.


The assumptions you made about the Jindivik are plain wrong.
Combat capability was tested on ranges.
It was flown over people, point in case, how do you think it hit and killed a local vicar in a village in England.
And as far as antiquated sensors, he worked for the military and had top secret clearance to technologies you and I on civy street didnt know about till 20 years later.
The gap between military and civily used technologies is less but still exists.
The Jindivik was tested in every conceivable configuration to the point they ran out of ideas.
They fitted all types of camera and sensor gear to it and a load of other paraphenalia, point proved and overcame the mere technologcal issues but that didnt go anywhere, they exploited all options to the point they took the wings off it and fitted hovercraft gear to it.
Stil no-one had a use for it.
Tried to sell the hovercraft to the USA military and they didnt want it even though it all worked and the USA military knew the same people built the Jindivik UAV and knew it worked.

The hovercraft could go from point to point and stop, wait and perform any functions (inspection) and start off the the next spot, pre programmed.
And not with punch cards you where using at Uni at the same time.

The only use anyone had for the Jindivik was the use it was orginally designed for.
And that was the way things remained after they finally realised they are far better to focus improving on what is usefull and stop throwing years and money at things that are simply not very usefull as it turns out.

Motorcycles are nessecary form of transport, more so in more heavily populated and poorer countries.
As a rider of motor cycles for some years I know a good deal of people who work on them as couriers to which they are a tool of trade.
And besides that consideration, the injurious effect to humans in regards to motorcycles applies to the operator of the motor cycle.
For UAV the issue is the injurious effect it may inflict on others, bystanders and the general tax paying public.
If you cant differ between that analogy here, then how will you train your UAV to.

Quote 
watch how the next year unfolds


I watched the main UAV interest group in Aus went for the last three years.
From ideas like those you have proposed.
They created a great pile of white papers on all the details.
Created some proof of concepts to do it.
Made all sort of predictions of the next few years on UAV with colorfull graphs.
They ran seminars each year and charged large entry fees.
Picked up some govt grants.

And now 3 years later, none of the predictions in any of their white papers or seminar papers have come to pass.
It has gotten to the point that they are starting to lose interest and the interest group is moribund and a notable absence of outlandish predictions the same where making 2 and 3 years ago.

They may wonder why UAV wasnt all they hoped it would be and all they claimed it would be
I dont wonder why.

Good luck.
01-04-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
MPA
Elite Veteran
Location: Australia

Quote 
No - what I'm saying is that it has a lot of leeway in terms of adapting to changing terrain - things that don't exactly match the database map.



You are admiting that it needs an image to work from and that in fact it cantr find a taget it doesnt have a prior image of off a photo.
Well mike guiess your sensors are not advanbced asd you sclaim- by that example.

Quote 
Testing on a range is not combat. That is R&D - pure and simple. The Predator that took out the car full of terrorists in Somalia - that was combat. No laboratory conditions - quick reaction time, etc.


While grasping for a starw you apper to have shot down your own research and results.
If the same applies then anything you have tested but not had working in the real environment by those you intend to use it, is by your own words worthless and indicates nothing, by your own words then proof of concept means nothing, and by that example we are to take your proof of concept along the same limes.
It is meaningless to the real world.
If it applies to others it must apply to you.
Cant have it bioth ways Mike.

Quote 
I've had secret clearances


Secret my arse, you had civy level info.
You know what you where told.
Mt father had real military security clearance and knew the lot.
He ran lectures at Northrop, General Dynamics and Boeing through the 70's and 80's

Quote 
That doesn't mean anything.


You make wrong assumptions again.
The US military was only one of the many offered it.

Quote 
We don't do white papers. We build UAV systems

Well you missed what I read
I said, they wrote white papers and proved the concpet
proof of concept means they biult UAV and operated them as planned.
Like you did.
However it didnt help non existant interest or get any in use.


Quote 
Eventually things will get easier as UAVs prove themselves and standards of operation are implemented as law.


You might fancy yourself as a Robinson Crusoe of UAV but its all been done before you got there, that is just fooling yourself.

Quote 
You're comparing apples and oranges.


No Im not, that includes Aerosonde as well who have proved more concepts and sold more operational UAV then you have or will in the next 2 years.

Quote 
The customers are excited, our vendors are excited, and we are excited


And therein lies your inabilty to apply any self ciritcism to your systems or concepts.
A sure sign if doom, being you are so excited your not likely to realise till the agonising end.

Good luck.
Youll need it
01-04-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
MPA
Elite Veteran
Location: Australia

Quote 
You think we will fail and that's fair..


I hope you dont but fear if you keep your head shoved in a bucket of sand Mike, youll be doomed by your own hand.

Quote 
Let's talk again in 3 years. If you are right I'll buy you several beers (or whatever your favorite drink is). If I'm right then you'll pay for my drinks and we'll talk about the future.


Drinks are to celebrate success, not advisable for drowning sorrow.
If its a success itll be my shout Mike.
01-04-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
neophyte
Senior Heliman
Location: California

Well Fellas - Thanks for that !! It was a good discussion with valid points being made on both sides, and I thoroughly enjoyed reading it.

While it is difficult to imagine a computer/sensor system handling situations it was not programmed for, such as a mechanical failure for instance, it is a fact that technology advances all the time and new abilities pop up from time to time.
01-08-2004 Over year old.
 
 
cyber-flyer
Senior Heliman
Location: Boston, MA

Good thread.

I enjoyed reading the thread, left half of my brain is on MPA's side. Another half is with Mike. And they keep arguing with each other ...
01-08-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
[NRI] LarryK
Heliman
Location: Huntsville, AL

i remember mike telling me that story years ago when i questioned him about "neural networks". i was fascinated then, and now. mike, correct me if i'm wrong, but isn't the following another example of the software’s ability to "learn"?...

we (NRI) did a demo a few months ago for some people. i wasn't there, but found out later what had happened. mike and rusty demonstrated the helicopters ability to hold position, move around, yada yada, just as the software was designed to do. then, on a whim, someone got the bright idea to tie about a 25 ft. cord to the helicopter and a weight to the end of the cord. they wanted to see if, and how fast, the software would be able to stabilize a slung load. so they get this thing swinging back and forth in semi-autonomous mode (operator directed) and then let go of the sticks. after about 2 more swings, the weight, and the helicopter, were pretty much motionless. the software was never designed or tested with this in mind.

when we were weight testing a particular airframe a while back, i decided to attach a cord to the helicopter and the weight to the cord. i then flew it manually. i'm tellin' ya, it is not easy to do. i learned that the shorter the cord (5-10 in.), the easier it was to fly, though it was still a "hand-full". the neural networks had learned to deal with the newly introduced instability instantly, efficiently and with no training. still blows me away and i get to see it almost every day.

another example is the "tug of war" videos. mike ties a cord on the stabilized, hovering heli (about 25 ft. in length) and then pulls on the cord. it's a real blast to see the heli "fight back" it does not and will not move until enough force is applied to overcome the power of the aircraft.

[color=blue][size=small]duct tape -- the choice of professionals[/size][/color]
01-08-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
neophyte
Senior Heliman
Location: California

Well Gentlemen - That performance that you describe is far beyond the basic neural nets I programmed several years ago.

Now, the problem is - Can I rest until I figure out how it was done?

Thanks folks !!
01-09-2004 Over year old.
 
 
pepper
Veteran
Location: GREAT STATE OF TEXAS!!

COOL, just as long as the machine doesn't pull YOUR power cord!!!!!

pepper
GOD BLESS
01-09-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
neophyte
Senior Heliman
Location: California

Mike -

It sounds like you are talking non-traditional hardware and/or firmware, and not just software.

Veeery innnteresting. Seems to me that multiple small processors, can do some pretty cool things. Sort of like biology does. Had worked out a general plan one time, but then helis took my interest
01-09-2004 Over year old.
 
 
JohnC
Veteran
Location: East Yorkshire, England

Mike,

Going back to Larry's point, is it the case that the software is actually learning in-flight? - ie. it is modifying it's own behaviour whilst in the air?.

John C.
01-09-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
JohnC
Veteran
Location: East Yorkshire, England

Thanks for that Mike.

The biggest thing which worries me about neural-nets is that they are not deterministic : you can't be sure what the output will be for every scenario which may occur.

I know that an aircraft with such a system could not get a 'flight worthiness' certificate here in the UK if it constituted a 'safety involved' function of the aircraft and it wanted to fly in controlled airspace.

Do you have a way of getting around this - or will it only fly in designated 'safe' areas?. This seems especially important for your own system as you do not require the pilot to be competent at flight without assistance.

With this technology being so new, the authorities have not yet given it the attention that I'm sure they will. My own system flies under rules which apply equally to a paper aeroplane. However, the day will come when this software is treated like real-aircraft software and that will a different ball game altogether.

Of course, this is how it is in the UK. The USA may have different rule again: after all, it is a little bigger :-).

John C.
01-09-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
JohnC
Veteran
Location: East Yorkshire, England

Quote 
You can't be sure with conventional controls either.


I disagree with this statement Mike. If the software is classed as 'safety critical' then you have to be sure (and just as importantly, have evidence to show why you are sure). If you can't, then it doesn't fly.

I assume your satellite system was not written to the same integrity levels as, say, the engine controls for the space shuttle.

I think that if the industry develops in a responsible manner then we will avoid undue attention. I (and others) will be very interested to learn of any experiences you have with the authorities.

Similarly, I will post any developments which occur this side of the pond: it is in all our interests to be aware of them.

Regards,

John C.
01-09-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
blacksmith
Heliman
Location: West Central, Georgia, USA

brain

Cheers, to three years!!

The Service Industry.

Listen. You smell that?
01-10-2004 Over year old.
 
 
JohnC
Veteran
Location: East Yorkshire, England

Quote 
All flight control software can be shown to be "safe" because it's repeatable within a certain set of conditions.


This is most definitely not how software is classed as safe. The permutations of input conditions will be virtually infinite, and no amount of testing will be able to cover them all.

Showing software to be safe starts at the very beginning of a project, with a proper hazard-analysis study which leads down into various safety 'catagories' for each function in the software. Those considered 'hazardous' are subject to very tightly defined development and testing procedures which must be independently verified.

The amount of module-testing of the code units before they are integrated to form the final system is enormous. This is the point of my original question: is this level of testing and quality assurance possible with neural-net based systems?.
01-13-2004 Over year old.
HOMEPAGE  
 
 
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