melsman Senior Heliman Location: Atascadero, CA
| Doug, GMcNair, HeliNerd,.. We're all saying the same thing in a little different way.
The tail rotor is in a "pusher" configuration and rotates up into the main disk for greater efficiency. The main rotor, turning counter clock-wise, has a significant amount of torque, which is off-set by the tail rotor. However, the force vector from a normally vertical tail creates such a side force vector that the helo has to tilt to the left to off-set the side force and thus stay stationary in a hover. Because the torque with the 53E is so great, the tilt is relatively steep. And as many of you know, tilt in landing or take-off leads abruptly to dynamic roll-over.
The solution is to angle the tail rotor down slightly so that the tail rotor now has less of a side vector, and a slight downward vector (or 'lift' if you will...) Because the tail rotor is set up high on the fin, this thrust imparts a slight torque to the fuse off-setting some of the left tilt, (and pushing the nose down slightly) thus somewhat flattening out the hover.
It is possible that the downward vector adds to the overall lift, thus gaining additional lift where there was none before. Maybe this is the reason why Sikorsky has continued to include it on it other models (such as the Blackhawk and the Commanche.) However, the explanation I'm relaying was one given to me by the 53E pilots I flew with. They never mentioned any additional lift benefit.
As for adding to the 'avoidance' capabilities, I see your point, CK_, but even at an angle, there will still be plenty of aspects where the tail rotor disk is perpendicular to the observer. So I don't think it would have a significant impact on avoiding targeting. One way this is addressed is through the use of a fenestron, as on the Commanche. It also has the additional benefit of being a bit quieter and better suited for higher forward speeds, as well as higher sidewards speeds. (The main limiting factor for sidewards speed is the tail rotor.)
If there is still some doubt here, I'll be more than glad to e-mail my buddy who flew 53E's and ask him to clarify the issue. Heck, I think I'll just shoot him an e-mail anyway, since all of this chatter has made me question my own memory. And since I have a hard time remembering what I had for breakfast...
Ashley |